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was developed by Dr. Llewellyn L. Manske, Range Scientist at the North Dakota
State University Dickinson Research Extension Center in Dickinson, North Dakota.
This collection of reports
provides information enabling livestock producers and grassland managers to understand
and operate twelve-month pasture-forage management strategies that are both biologically
effective and economically efficient. The strategies presented are designed to
meet the biological requirements of forage plants and facilitate ecological processes,
to provide the nutrients range cows require during their production periods, to
efficiently capture new economic wealth from land resources, to improve grassland
habitat for wildlife, and to enhance the aesthetic appeal of grassland landscapes.
These reports are in PDF format
and require Adobe Acrobat to view and print. If you do not already have
Acrobat on your computer, click on the Acrobat icon to the left to download.
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| | | Biologically
Effective Management of Grazinglands
(Entire Report - 275 pages 2.55MB
download) |
| | |
 Section
1 | Rangelands
of the Northern Plains |
| Northern
Plains Rangelands |
| Prehistorical
Conditions of Rangelands |
| Seasonal
Weather Patterns |
| Soil
Formation |
| Landscape
Site Mangement Units |
| Vegetation
of the Northern Plains |
| Problems
Inherent in Grasslands |
| | |
Section
2 | Biology
and Mangement of Grass Growth |
| Biological
Requirements of Plants |
| Increasing
Rhizosphere Fungi and Improving Soil Quality |
| Grass
Growth in Height |
| Environmental
Factors Affect Plant Growth |
| Grazing
Starting Dates |
| Effects
of Fall Grazing on Height |
| Effects
from Long-Term Nongrazing |
| Effects
of Grazing on Vegetation |
| Suppression
of Grasshopper Population Numbers |
| Enhanced
Biogeochemical Cycles and Improved Soil Structure |
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Section
3 | Herbage
Quality and Range Cow Requirements |
| Annual
Nutritional Quality Curves |
| Grass
Tillers Crude Protein |
| Annual
Mineral Quality Curves |
| Range
Cow Nutrient Requirements |
| Mineral
Requirements for Grazing Beef Cows |
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Section
4 | Twelve-Month
Grazingland and Harvested Forage Management Strategies |
| Cow
and Calf Performance on Grazing Strategies |
| Cow
and Calf Performance on Fall Pastures |
| Costs-Returns
on Grazing Strategies |
| Costs-Returns
on Forage Strategies |
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Increasing Value Captured from the
Land Natural Resources:
An Evaluation of Pasture Forage and Harvested Forage Management Strategies for Each Range
Cow Production Period (451KB) |
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Introduction & Procedure |
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Dry Gestation Production Period |
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Third Trimester Production Period |
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Early Lactation Production Period |
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Spring Lactation Production Period |
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Summer Lactation Production Period |
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Fall Lactation Production Period |
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Selection of Low Cost-High Return Forage Types |
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12-month Forage Management Strategies |
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Literature Cited |
| | |
| Methods
for Development of Biologically Effective Management Strategies (398KB) |
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Range Research Concise
Communications
2001-2004
(Entire collection - 79 pages 328KB download) |
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Section 1 |
Value Capture from Land Resources |
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Rangelands are an important asset to the Northern Plains |
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Manage forage for nutrients not for dry matter production |
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Nutrients produced by forage plants are the primary unit of production in
beef operations |
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Increasing value captured from grassland and forages boosts beef
production profit margins |
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Section 2 |
Biology of Grass Plant Growth |
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Well-timed grazing can stimulate grass growth and tiller development |
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Manipulating grass plant growth can enhance forage production |
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Twice-over grazing system improves soil quality |
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Not all heavy grazing is overgrazing |
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Grazing fall green-up in pastures may take a bite out of next year’s
production |
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Time of harvest is critical in minimizing hay cost |
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Section 3 |
Grazing Management Based on Grass Biological Requirements |
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Healthy grasslands will produce healthy profits for beef ranchers |
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Approach to reducing beef production costs challenges traditional
assumptions |
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Deferred-type grazing systems reduce grass plant density and animal
performance |
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Uninhibited sexual activity on the prairie reduces regional profits |
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Old-style pasture-forage management practices need to be culled |
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Section 4 |
Management to Reduce Impact from Drought |
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Healthy plants have smaller forage reductions during precipitation
shortages |
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Drought emergency grazing practices will have costs next season |
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Management practices contributed to last summer’s herbage reductions |
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Pasture recovery from drought depends on previous management |
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Proper grazing management can minimize severity of problems during
drought |
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Section 5 |
Grazing Management to Reduce Grasshoppers |
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Grazing management can reduce grasshopper problems |
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Grazing strategies offer natural grasshopper management |
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Grazing management can reduce grasshoppers while increasing beef
production profits |
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Section 6 |
Biologically Effective 12-Month Pasture-Forage Management |
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Efficient 12-month pasture-forage management systems reduce beef
production costs |
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Reducing pasture-forage costs for range cows during early lactation |
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Early grazing damages grass and reduces profits |
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Grazing native rangeland in May reduces ranch income |
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Native pasture is not the cheapest feed for range cows in May |
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Capturing more value from summer pastures improves beef profit
margins |
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Coordinated rotational grazing can minimize late-season drop in animal
performance |
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Extended fall grazing that improves profits |
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Reducing pasture-forage costs for cow-calf pairs during the fall |
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Feeding harvested forages cuts costs |
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Spring-seeded winter cereals can extend the Northern Plains grazing
season |
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Harvesting more crude protein per acre reduces forage-feed costs |
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Not all harvested forages are expensive livestock feed |
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Is feeding beef cows during the nongrowing season an expense or an
income? |
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Reducing forage feed costs for third-trimester range cows |
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Beef producers can generate greater economic wealth from the land
resource |
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Literature Cited |
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Restoration of Degraded Prairie Ecosystems |
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Restoration of degraded prairie ecosystems |
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Prescribed burning treatments |
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Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization
on Native Rangeland - Entire Report (494KB) |
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 Preface
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Circumstances that Impelled Fertilization Treatment Research on Native Rangeland |
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Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization Treatments on Native Rangeland |
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Nitrogen Fertilization on Native Rangeland with Ammonium Nitrate and Urea |
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Cost of Herbage Weight for Nitrogen Fertilization Treatments on Native Rangeland |
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Evaluation of Grazing Fertilized Native Rangeland Pastures |
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Fate of Applied Fertilizer Nitrogen on Native Rangeland |
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Evaluation of Plant Species Shift on Fertilized Native Rangeland |
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Influence of Soil Mineral Nitrogen on Native Rangeland Plant Water Use Efficiency and
Herbage Production |
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Enhancement of the Nitrogen Cycle Improves Native Rangeland |
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Grazing management treatments - Research complettion expected 2011 |
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Management of
Western Snowberry
aka
Wolfberry and
Buckbrush
(Entire collection - 108 pages 1.29MB download) |
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Western Snowberry Biology |
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Biological Management of Western Snowberry |
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Burning Management of Western Snowberry |
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Mechanical Management of Western Snowberry |
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Chemical Management of Western Snowberry |
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Effective Management of Western Snowberry |
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Chemical Management of
Silver Sagebrush (162KB) |
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Evaluation of Alfalfa Interseeding Techniques
(Entire collection - 140 pages 10.6MB download) |
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Concept Changes Regarding the Use of Interseeding Practices to Correct Problems in Grassland Ecosystems |
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Interseeding into Native Grassland with a Two-Row Lister Machine |
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Interseeding Machine Development by Modification of No-Till Drills |
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Evaluation of Alfalfa Varieties Solid Seeded into Cropland |
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Evaluation of Alfalfa Varieties Broadcast Sod-Seeded into Native Rangeland |
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Summary of the Development of the South Dakota State University Pasture Interseeding Machine |
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Evaluation of Alfalfa Varieties Interseeded into Grassland |
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Evaluation of Interseeding Row-Spacing Techniques |
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Evaluation of Interseeding Seedbed Preparation and Sod Control Techniques |
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Evaluation of Interseeding Fertilization-Rate Techniques |
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Evaluation of Interseeding Seeding-Date, Seeding-Rate, and Rhizobium-Inoculation Techniques |
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Techniques and Mechanical Processes for Interseeding Alfalfa into Grasslands |
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Evaluation of Grazing Alfalfa Interseeded Native Grassland Pastures |
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